Composition Seminar Karlheinz Stockhausen
ENSEMBLE
For a player and tape or short wave transmitter.

Process planning: Karlheinz Stockhausen

Composition realization: members of the composition seminar

Musicians from the Hudba Dneska Ensemble, Bratislava;
Aloys Kontarsky, Hammond organ,
Harald Bojé, Alden Jenks, David Johnson, Petr Kotik: controllers

				Composer		Musician
Fl	Flute			Tomás Marco		Ladislav Soka
Ob	Oboe			Avo Somer		Milan Jezo
Klar	 Clarinet		Nicolaus A.Huber	Juraj Bures
Fg	Basoon		Robert Wittinger	Jan Martanovic
H	French horn		John McGuire 	Jozef Svenk
Tp	Trumpet		Peter R.Farmer	Vladimir Jurca
Pos	Trombone		Gregory Biss		FrantisekHudecek
V	Violin			Jürgen Beurle		Viliam Farkas
Vc	Violoncello		Mesias Maiguashca	Frantisek Tannenberger
Kb	Double Bass		Jorge Peixinho	Karol Illek
Sch	Percussion		Rolf Gelhaar		Frantisek Rek
Org	Hammond Organ	Johannes G.Fritsch	Aloys Kontarsky

							Microphone
							Loudspeaker
							Mixer

ENSEMBLE is an experiment in adding a new concept to the traditional "concert". We are used to comparing different pieces played sequentially. In ENSEMBLE "pieces" of 12 composers are played simultaneously.

These "pieces" are musical objects ("works") not fully worked out. They are sound objects (produced on tape or with a short wave transmitter), with individual control, action and reaction models, and notated "events", which are introduced by the composers to the ENSEMBLE play in the process of the actual performance.

Each composer has composed for one musician and tape or short wave transmitter. The total plan and the introduction of the parts for its synchronisation with the ENSEMBLE were established by Stockhausen. The twelve systems and their coordination were formulated during daily meetings. The resulting four hour process is more than the addition of the "pieces": it is a composition of compositions, fluctuating between the complete isolation of the different events and the total dependence of each layer, and between extreme determinism and full improvisation.

On top of the 12 composers and musicians, who play together as "duos" - distributed throughout the room - four other musicians are responsible for using mixers to amplify and spacialize definite details and moments of the process via microphones and eight loudspeakers. Also, the position of the listener is not fixed. He can move in the room and thus establish his acoustical perspective.

The simultaneity of the compositions requires also that certain "pieces" should be heard 
together and related through superimposition.

This "verticalisation" of the perception of events and the relativisation of a definitive form ("piece" signed by an individual) happens not only in the field of music.

Notes by Karlheinz Stockhausen


Darmstadt International Music Institute
22nd International Seminar for New Music 1967, director Ernst Thomas

The LP version of "Ensemble" was realized in the WDR Electronic Music Studio between August 26 and September 22, 1971. The available material was:
- Recording of the rehearsal on August 28, 1967 from 19:00-23:00 (6 stereo tapes, about 4 hours duration)
- Recording of the concert on August 29, 1967 from 19:00-23:00 (6 stereo tapes, about 4 hours duration)

The challenge for me was to reduce a four-hour performance to 50-60 minutes, and therefore I proceeded as follows.
1. I wanted as much as possible to keep the formal pattern that we had developed during the Seminar 
2. I wanted to keep a balance between the deterministic, less deterministic and non-deterministic material.

My working method was as follows:
1. I listened to all tapes of both recordings. The material that seemed to me adequate, I copied.
2. This selected material was listened to again, cutting out some sections, so that a series of musical events remained, which I deemed relevant.
3. In the third process - the most difficult one - this material was cut, faded in and out and mixed occasionally according to my vision (retaining the time plan in its basic structure)

Notes by Mesias Maiguashca